People have noticed that the incidence rate of vaginal Candida in EMs patients is higher than that in the normal population. Further studies have found that the immunological changes of Candida albicans infection and EMS are surprisingly similar.
Candida albicans infection can activate macrophages, increase IL-1, TNF - α, IL-6, and prostaglandin E2, and inhibit C3 mediated phagocytosis. These phenomena suggest that there is a certain relationship between Candida infection and EMS.
It was found that there was a cross-reaction between the anti-Candida Albicans antibody and some helper T cells and ovarian cells. The anti ovarian antibody also played a role in the relationship between candidiasis and female autoimmune diseases. Therefore, some scholars hypothesized that Candida albicans infection might be the trigger factor of the change of EMS autoimmunity.
Recently, people have noticed that EMS patients and their relatives are allergic. They are prone to allergic reactions to allergens such as dust, pollen, penicillins, perfume, and other chemicals and cause allergic diseases such as urticaria, asthma, allergic enteritis, etc.
Like these allergic diseases, EMS and Candida albicans also have IgE mediated anaphylaxis. Therefore, whether the pathogenesis of EMS is similar to that of allergic diseases is one of the topics of interest.
In conclusion, endometriosis is closely related to immune factors. The change of the immune factors in the abdominal cavity is one of the important mechanisms of the disease. There are a lot of active immune cells in the peritoneal fluid, which can produce the function of immune monitoring, immune defense, and immune clearance for the antigens entering the abdominal cavity.
However, the cause of the immune abnormality is the immune damage caused by the abnormal immune signal carried by endometrium, or the immune system defect in the body, that is, whether the immune damage is the cause or the result of the disease, these problems need to be further studied.
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