How to Diagnose Blocked Fallopian Tubes?(2)
The sensitivity of HSG to tubal occlusion and adhesions is 65%, but pain induced tubal spasm can cause false positive, while pain, infection, and contrast agent invasion into the vascular system are rare complications.
2.3 Salpingoscopy
It is a method of imaging the structure of the lumen of the fallopian tube. It needs to be applied to a hard salpingoscope, which can evaluate the whole length of the fallopian tube and the mucosa and patency of the whole fallopian tube.
During the examination, it is feasible to recanalize the fallopian tube. Therefore, it has a potential therapeutic effect on the obstruction of the proximal fallopian tube. However, the salpingoscope requires high technology and equipment, so it is not widely used at present.
2.4 Laparoscopy
It is to inject methylene blue into the uterine cavity through the uterine catheter and observe the overflow of methylene blue into the pelvic cavity through the umbrella end of the fallopian tube through the laparoscope.
Laparoscopy is a gold standard for the diagnosis of oviduct obstruction, but it needs general anesthesia and surgical treatment. It is not commonly used at present. It is only used in patients with oviduct fluid or abnormal oviduct indicated by angiography.
2.5 Transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy
It is a new technique developed in recent years. It is to use small endoscopy to explore the whole pelvic cavity from the posterior dome path. During the operation, the patient is required to take the position of cystolithotomy.
The advantage of this technique is that it may be used in outpatient service and more minimally invasive; the disadvantage is that the condition of the whole abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity cannot be evaluated, in addition, there is the possibility of intestinal damage, the incidence is about 0.65%.
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